Remember those creative and interactive emails you get in your inbox? Have you ever wondered what those emails are called and how they are developed?
Those are HTML emails and a lot goes into creating those emails.
If you want to learn the ins and out of HTML emails, this is the guide for you. Here we will talk about coding and designing HTML emails along with best practices you should follow.
Table of contents
- What are HTML emails?
- What is the role of CSS in HTML emails?
- How to code HTML emails?
- How to design HTML emails?
- HTML email accessibility
- HTML email coding best practices
- One step up from HTML emails: Welcome AMP emails
What are HTML emails?
HTML emails or HTML mailer are the subset of Hypertext Markup Language, which is used to create websites. Using HTML, you can add formatting and semantic markup in the emails.
These emails are often created using Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), which reflects how the email elements will be displayed. Thus, HTML provides the structure or outline of your email, while CSS adds life to it by displaying colors, images, etc.
Before we talk about how to code HTML mailer, let’s understand the role of CSS.
What is the role of CSS in HTML emails?
CSS, or Cascading style sheets, acts as a design blueprint in your HTML code. It describes how HTML elements, such as the color, headers, tables, images, etc., will line up and display in the email.
There are three ways you can add CSS in HTML. They are as follows:
1. External stylesheets
An external style sheet is a separate CSS file that you can access by creating a link within the head section of your HTML. An external stylesheet may look like this:
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css">
</head>
In the code above, "style.css" is a plain text file that is separated from your HTML code. The style is the name of the file and can be different for different users.
Most email clients don’t support external stylesheets. Hence, it is a best practice not to use them.
2. Embedded stylesheets
As the name suggests, these sheets are embedded in the HTML using the <style> element. The support for this sheet is also minimal across email clients.
For example, as per Litmus data, email clients such as Mail.ru, Android 5.1, Android 6.0, Gmail App IMAP (Android), Windows 10 Mail don’t display these sheets in HTML mailer.
3. Inline stylesheets
Inline CSS are generally the safest way to ensure rendering compatibility across various email clients, programs, and devices.
With inline styles, code is applied directly to HTML elements in each line of the HTML. A CSS inline sheet may look like this:
<span style="font-size: 24px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #222222;" >Hello!</span>
How to code HTML emails?
This is the part where you began to create emails. So, let’s get started.
● Select a doctype
A doctype is known as a document type declaration (DTD). These declarations tell an email client what version of HTML you are using so that it can properly render your email to the viewer.
Choosing a doctype is the foremost step to creating HTML email, as, without it, there is no guarantee that email clients will display your email the way you intended.
Now, you need to decide which doctype to use for emails as there are many of them such as HTML5, HTML4.01 strict, HTML 4.01 Transitional, etc.
HTML5 is the most recent and was designed to hold multiple code forms, but as it is still evolving, the support for HTML5 is limited across email clients. For that reason, you should avoid using HTML5.
Scalero recommends XHTML 1.0 Transitional and HTML 4.01 Transitional doctype declarations:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
You can choose the correct doctype for your emails from the recommended list of doctype by W3C.
● Vector markup language and DPI scaling
After picking a doctype, you need to add the support for Vector Markup Language (VML). It is useful for ensuring that unsupported features, like background images and rounded borders, display correctly on email clients like Outlook 2007-16 and Outlook express. The code looks like this:
<htmlxmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml"xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office">
Dots per inch or DPI, is a measure for screen resolutions. DP scaling can also be a pain with Outlook email clients, so we suggest adding the following code inside the <head> tag:
<!--[if gte mso 9]>
<xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
<o:PixelsPerInch>96</o:PixelsPerInch>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml>
<![endif]-->
● Coding the email header
It’s time to create the email header. Head elements contain the information that your subscribers can’t see but is necessary for machine processing by email clients. The information is put under meta tags within a tag.
● Meta tags
The <meta> HTML element represents metadata that cannot be represented by other HTML meta-related elements, like <base>, <link>, <script>, <style> or <title>.
There are many meta tags you can add in HTML, but the following are the most useful in maintaining control over how basic aspects of your email display:
<meta name="format-detection" content="date=no">
<meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no">
These meta tags will tell iOS devices not to turn addresses or phone numbers in their emails into links. You might want these elements to display as clickable links, but Apple’s default blue may not go with your email color scheme.
So, these meta tags will prevent such happenings and allow you to modify your links as per your preference.
<meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport" />
This tag guides email clients on how to scale the email, precisely its width. This will help maintain the position of email content to avoid any blank space next to images or text that doesn’t wrap properly.
After meta tags, add a CSS style tag to indicate that the content in your email is, in fact, CSS:
<style type="text/CSS">
● Create email body and tables
Now, you can create the overall structure of your emails. Within the email body, add a tag for the main container with a width of 100%, as this table holds most of the email content. You should follow these guidelines while creating tables:
- Add
padding:0px; margin:0pxto the body tag to remove extra space in the email. - Add
"role= presentation”attribute to each of your tables to help email clients know that the table is only for visual purposes, not as a data table. - In the main table, create rows (tr) and columns (td). Within each column, create a table with a width of 600px. You can then define the content in the table.
How to design HTML emails?
While creating an HTML email, the design matters as much as its coding. A compelling, engaging, and responsive email design can offer a better user experience. While designing an HTML email, you should consider many elements such as buttons, typography, layout, multimedia elements like -videos, GIFs, etc.
Each of these elements can significantly impact how your email looks and is understood by the reader. So, paying attention to them is crucial.
To know more, you can read - A Beginner's Guide to HTML Email Design.
HTML email accessibility
When you are creating HTML emails, you must ensure email accessibility. It means every user should be able to access and read your emails regardless of their state. These states can be either human disabilities or technical, such as limited email client support.
For instance, colorblind people might not perceive specific colors in your emails. On the technical side, Outlook (web) doesn’t support AMP for emails, but the Gmail Android app does.
To know in detail, you can read our guide - What Is Email Accessibility and Why Is It Important.
HTML email coding best practices
Coding emails may seem complex and confusing since there are many possibilities for email rendering. To ensure that your email renders well, you can follow these best practices:
✅ Avoid JavaScript or Flash
These technologies are largely unsupported by email clients, so emails won’t render properly.
However, if you want to use Javascript and other interactive elements in your emails, consider using Accelerated Mobile Pages (AMP) for email, but this format has limited client support.
Currently, only Gmail, Yahoo!, and Mail.ru support AMP components in email.
✅ Keep HTML file size below 102KB
Each line of code in an HTML doc file affects the load timing of the email. This is why it’s essential to keep your code organized and economical to avoid redundant lines that are just taking up space.
Also, keep your HTML file size below 102KB as Gmail will clip file size greater than 102KB. Besides, a file size of 100KB passes through more spam filters.
✅ Avoid mal-functional HTML tags
Avoid using mal-functional HTML tags. If there are any broken tags in your HTML code, the email client can mark it as spam or, worse, won’t render it correctly. That’ll hurt the email deliverability of the current and future email campaigns.
✅ Avoid extra spacing around images
Avoid extra spacing around an image. Instead, use display: block, and it will remove this different spacing.
✅ Avoid odd numbers for sizing
Try not to use odd numbers for sizing, such as 11px, 13px, etc., as email clients sometimes add a 1px line between email elements. Such problem is most prevalent in Outlook 2016, and your email may look like this: Unwanted lines appear in Outlook 2016 with odd font size.
Source: Email on Acid
✅ Remove comments in your CSS
Make sure to remove any comments in your CSS in your HTML code’s tag. These may ruin your code in some email clients, such as Outlook. So, it’s a best practice to get rid of them if they’re not necessary.
✅ Always test your emails before sending them
The best way to know whether your code is working or not is to test your emails. So before you send them to your final recipients, test your emails at every stage of their development.
By testing, you can spot any disparities in your emails. Hence, it will help you craft a consistent viewing experience for all of your subscribers.
One step up from HTML emails: Welcome AMP emails
There is a new buzzword among email marketers- AMP for emails. So, what is it? AMP for emails is a set of HTML tags supported by JavaScript that enables functionality with an added focus on performance and security.
Moreover, AMP emails are more compatible with introducing a new Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) part. The MIME part allows emails to fall back to HTML templates if a provider or email client doesn’t support AMP emails.
AMP for emails is still in its nascent stages, but it is going to revolutionize email marketing. If you want to try out AMP emails, then Mailmodo is your answer. In addition, you can explore our AMP email templates. and sign up for a one-month free trial.
